Share Capital And Share Premium New update

Share capital and share premium are both important components of a company’s equity or ownership structure.

Share capital refers to the total value of the shares that a company has issued to its shareholders. This is the amount of money that the company has received from its shareholders in exchange for ownership stakes in the company. Share capital can be further divided into different types of shares, such as common shares and preferred shares, each with its own rights and privileges.

Share premium, on the other hand, is the difference between the issue price of a share and its face value. For example, if a company issues a share with a face value of $1 but sells it to investors for $5, the share premium would be $4. Share premium is not a component of share capital, but it is included in the total equity of the company.

Companies can use the funds raised through share capital and share premium to finance their operations, pay off debt, or invest in growth opportunities. Shareholders who own shares of the company are entitled to a portion of the company’s profits through dividends or capital gains.

Share premium is a type of equity financing where a company raises funds by issuing shares at a price higher than their face value. The additional amount over the face value of the shares is called the share premium.

For example, if a company issues 10,000 shares with a face value of $1 per share, but sells them at $2 per share, then the company would receive $20,000 ($2 per share x 10,000 shares) in total. Out of this, $10,000 ($1 per share x 10,000 shares) would be the actual equity capital, while the remaining $10,000 would be the share premium.

Share premium can be used for a variety of purposes, such as financing expansion or investing in new projects. Companies are required to maintain a separate share premium account in their financial statements to keep track of the funds raised through this method.

Share premium can also be used to issue bonus shares, which are additional shares given to existing shareholders as a reward for their investment. Bonus shares are issued out of the company’s share premium account, which means that they do not require any additional capital to be raised.

Share premium is the additional proceeds from the sale of shares that exceed the value of the shares. When a company issues new shares, the nominal value is determined and is usually very low compared to the actual value of the share. Selling shares at a price higher than their face value creates a profit or share premium.

This amount is presented in the company’s annual accounts and registered in the equity account. Share premium can be used to return to shareholders through dividend payments or share buybacks. However, in accordance with laws and accounting rules, it is not permitted to use share premiums to pay dividends if the company experiences financial problems.

What is a Share Premium Account?

A share premium account is sometimes referred to as an additional paid-in account, and it is included in the shareholder’s equity section of a balance sheet. The share premium account records the amount received that is above the subscription price of a share.

Shares are considered to be issued at a premium if the amount received for issued shares is greater than the face value of shares. The premium is calculated by finding the difference between the share issue price and the par value of shares offered for sale.

Understanding Share Premium Accounts

Assume that ABC Company issued 1,000 shares of stock for subscription to the public. The company assigned the shares a par value of $10 each, expecting to raise a share capital of $10,000. Instead, the shareholders paid a premium price of $15 per share.

Therefore, the shareholders paid $15 for each share of stock, the company raised $15,000 in equity capital, out of which $10,000 is the share capital, and the remaining $5,000 is the share premium. Both the share capital and the share premium are recorded in the balance sheet under shareholder’s equity.

Components of a Share Premium Account

1. Issue Price

Issue price refers to the price at which a company offers its shares of stock when they become available to the public. A company can sell the shares at the stated issue price, at a discount, or at a premium to the face value.

2. Face Value

Face value is the price of shares when they are created for the market. For financial institutions, the par value and face value are used to refer to the same thing. The face value, according to state laws, requires that companies not sell their shares below face value. It is the minimum price that each shareholder is expected to pay for each share of stock. Any benefits offered to shareholders consider the face value of shares.

How a Share Premium Account is Used

The balance of a share premium account is expected to change if the company offers new shares for subscription at the market price. As a reserve account, companies can only use the funds for purposes discussed in their bylaws or other legal documents.

For example, the company cannot distribute the funds in the account as dividends or use the balance to settle losses incurred by the business. Rather, companies may use the share premium account to offset expenses incurred when raising equity, such as underwriting fees, discounts allowed, commission paid on the issue of shares, etc.

The account can also be used to provide premiums payable on debentures or to issue bonus shares to the company’s shareholders.

Accounting for Share Premium Account

The share premium is recorded every time the company offers shares for sale directly to the public, either to raise capital for a project or during an IPO. It is recorded in the balance sheet. However, trading between shareholders on an exchange, or privately does not affect the share premium account.

The share premium is one of the components of the shareholder’s equity section of a balance sheet. The other big component is retained earnings. Companies use the retained earnings to settle liabilities, finance a new acquisition, or fund research and development. The retained earnings may become a negative value if it has an accumulated net loss for all years of operation.

When listing items in the shareholder’s equity section of a balance sheet, the common stock account is listed first in the list, followed by the share premium account. Other items recorded in this section include treasury stock, earned compensation, and accumulated other comprehensive income.

Advantages of Share Premium Account

1. Does not dilute the rights of shareholders

Share premium is a method of raising additional funds for the company without diluting the voting rights of shareholders. It is a safer alternative to issuing additional shares to the public for subscription since it would reduce the percentage ownership of each shareholder.

2. Reduced cost of capital

When a company sells its shares at a premium, it does not incur additional costs for the administrative work involved. The additional capital raised in the form of a share premium does not attract additional fees beyond the fees incurred when raising the authorized share capital.

Limitation of Share Premium Account

Restricted usage

The share premium account is a reserve account whose funds cannot be used for just any purpose. Instead, the funds in the share premium account can only be utilized for the purposes provided in the company’s bylaws, such as paying equity-raising expenses or underwriting fees.

More Resources

Thank you for reading CFI’s guide to Share Premium Account. In order to help you become a world-class financial analyst and advance your career to your fullest potential, these additional resources will be very helpful: